In the default templates, the Main Index template uses two divs to separate the columns, content and links. On the Archive pages, there is only one, container. I think that the idea behind this was because people may not want to update more than one template to update their links (if they didn't use PHP or SSI to include the sidebar).
So basically, you should be able to make this work if your #container style is the same as the #content style.

Then add the html for the links column in.
Kristine